Jeff Samuel's foray into electronic music began in 1995 when he first witnessed a DJ set by Detroit's Claude Young in Columbus, Ohio. He was then introduced to that city's ele_mental collective, an inspiring core of artists including Titonton Duvante, the Archetype, and Todd Sines among others. Through their concept-oriented events which showcased the finer points of electronic music, Samuel became enthralled and began to DJ in 1996. Soon after, he purchased his first synth and drum machine.